ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and shape of torus palatinus and to assess its gender and age-related differences in the population of Karachi, the metropolitan city of Pakistan
Methodology: This was a cross sectional study with non-probability convenience sampling method conducted at Bahria University Medical and Dental College [BUMDC], Karachi. The presence of tori was observed by clinical examination and palpation. The shape was also investigated by presence or absence and classified as flat, spindle and nodular shaped tori. The data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science version 23. The Chi-square test was used to test for group differences of sex and age association with the prevalence of tori. Difference between groups with P <0.05 was considered significant
Results: A total of 1203 patients were screened in which torus palatinus was found in 141 [11.7%] patients. Present study findings showed torus palatinus was more prevalent in males 76 [53.9%]. It was dominant in 31-60 years of age group [47.5%] with significant P=0.000. Shapes of torus palatinus were compared with gender in which flat shape was more frequent in both male and female with significant P-value of 0.015
Conclusion: Torus Palatinus is a rare bony exostosis of the oral cavity. Even though, it is an asymptomatic anatomical variation it expresses itself in unique shapes and patterns. The prevalence varies with respect to age and gender
ABSTRACT
To find out the different clinical presentations of breast tuberculosis and its treatment outcome. Design: An observational study. Surgical ward 3 of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi from June 2001 to November 2003. Fifty consecutive female patients above 13 years presenting with breast lump, multiple sinuses, axillary lymphadenopathy, and cold abscess were included in the study. Medical records of the patients presented were reviewed and analyzed. Data was collected regarding the patient's name, age and marital and lactational status. Clinical Examinations and investigations were carried out by triple assessment i.e. clinical, radiological and histological / cytological evaluation. The commonest presentation was a solitary breast lump in 30 [60%] patients, breast lump with axillary lymphadenopathy in 13 [26%]. Four [8%] patients presented with generalized breast swelling [edema] with ipsilateral axillary lymphadenopathy. Two [4%] presented with breast abscess and axillary lymphadenopathy and one [2%] with axillary sinus and breast lump. Upper outer quadrant was most frequently involved in 29 [58%] of patients. Thirty two [64%] cases were secondary to tuberculosis in other sites, mostly [40%] from tuberculous axillary lymphadenitis. Forty eight [96%] patients responded well to one year antituberculous treatment with complete disappearance of the lumps except 2 patients who had shrinkage of lump size only, underwent excision of lump. Solitary lump and enlarged lymph nodes are the commonest presentation of mammary tuberculosis. Early diagnosis and treatment is necessary to prevent disfigurement of breast. Antituberculous therapy is the treatment of choice. Surgery should be reserved for unresponsive lumps